Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi infection in desert riparian forest and its environmental implications: A case study in the lower reach of Tarim River

This study was conducted on the desert riparian forest along the lower reach of the inland Tarim River, which is located in the arid region of Northwest China. Fifteen plant species in 10 families were collected from five monitoring sections, and examined for the infection ofarbuscular mycorrhizal fungi （AMF）. The impact of different soil factors on AMF infection rate and intensity was compared using the principal component analysis （PCA） method. The results indicate that 11 species are AM and only 4 are non-AM plants. The estimated capacity of AMF infection depends on families of plants and also the parameters （infection rate, infection intensity, fungal spore density） used. The density of fungal spores was relatively higher in Phragmites communis and Populus euphratica in Graminaceae and Salicaceae families, respectively. The infection rate was above 50% in all the AM plants, except Calligonumjunceum. The highest infection rate appeared in Alhagi sparsifolia （97%） and Glycyrrhizainflata （92%）. However, when compared by AMF infection intensity, Tamarix spp. became the top one, followed by Alhagi sparsifolia, and Glycyrrhiza inflata was in the middle range of all the species. The PCA has identified that soil total salt, moisture, organic matter, total nitrogen, total P, available K and pH were closely associated with the AMF infection.     

Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with desert ephemerals growing under and beyond the canopies of Tamarisk shrubs

The arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） fungal status of the four most common ephemeral plant species, Chorispora tenella （Pall.） DC., Ceratocephalus testiculatus （Crantz） Bess., Eremopyrum orientale （L.） Jaub et. Spash and Veronica campyIopoda Boiss growing in an area dominated by Tamarisk shrubs （Tamarix spp.） was investigated. Samples of the four ephemerals and their rhizosphere soils were collected from underneath and beyond the canopies of the Tamarisk shrubs. Plant mycorrhizal status and soil AM fungal spore densities and community structures were analyzed and compared under and beyond the shrub canopies. The mycorrhizal colonization rates of the ephemerals and spore densities in their corresponding rhizosphere soils were significantly lower under the shrub canopies than beyond. The number of AM fungal species under the shrubs （12） was also lower than beyond the canopies （19）. When soil properties in the rhizospheres of the four ephemerals were examined, available N and P and total P, organic matter content, total salt content and electrical conductivity （EC） were all higher under the canopies than beyond. In contrast, soil available K and pH showed no such trend. A total of 21 AM fungal species were isolated from rhizosphere soils of the four ephemerals. Five belonged to Acaulospora, one to Archaeospora, thirteen to Glomus and two to Paraglomus. We conclude that the canopies of Tamarix spp. exerted some influence on the AM status of the ephemerals and on the AM fungal communities and some of the properties of their rhizosphere soils.     

大气CO2浓度增加对根瘤和菌根活动的影响

大气CO2浓度增加明显促进植物根系与固氮细菌及菌根真菌的共生。CO2浓度增加条件下，根系结瘤量增多，平均瘤重增加，单株固氮活性提高，但固氮比活性的变化在不同物种和不同生长阶段的表现不一致。CO2浓度增加同时还提高菌根在植物根系的侵染率。     

红壤中菌根对柑桔磷肥效应的研究

取第四纪红壤,接种VA菌根真菌(Glomus citricolum)于枳(P(?)ncirus trif(?)liata)实生苗,以不接种为对照,各施用6种磷肥量,共12个处理.1987年和1988年两年重复的盆栽试验证明:(1)在红壤中枳的菌根发育良好,接种菌根真菌4个月后,检查枳实生苗的菌根感染率为30%左右,高的可达39.0%;(2)在红壤中每亩施25—125kg不同量的过磷酸钙对无菌粮枳实生苗的生长效应不明显,而接种菌根真菌后则能显著地促进枳实生苗的生长.4个月中,有菌根枳苗的株高比对照的增长1倍,主干粗度增40%-93%,植株鲜重增3—6倍;(3)菌根使枳苗地上部含磷量比对照多3—5倍;(4)土壤在不灭菌条件下,接种菌根真菌也有一定的效果.     

AM真菌对沙田柚组培苗炼苗期水分生理及生长效应的研究

对沙田柚组培苗移栽时接种AM真菌,从试验当天起定期采样对根系的AM真菌侵染情况和叶片的相对水分含量、光合参数、叶绿素含量、ABA含量、脯氨酸含量及植株茎和根系的N、P、K含量等进行测定.结果表明:1)AM真菌侵染沙田柚组培苗根系过程非常迅速;2)接种AM真菌有利于提高沙田柚组培苗植株叶片叶绿素含量,增强光合产物的生产能力;有利于提高植株叶片的蒸腾速率和气孔导度,显著降低叶片ABA含量增加的速度,减轻植株受水分胁迫的程度;有利于植株更有效地吸收水分,显著提高叶片相对水分含量,促进幼苗的生长,提高幼苗的抗旱能力;3)接种AM真菌有利于沙田柚对N、P的积累,其中又以P含量的提高尤为明显;促进组培苗的生长发育,使植株的鲜重显著增加,茎鲜重增加尤为显著.研究认为接种AM真菌的方法简单易行,有助于沙田柚度过干旱期而提高种植沙田柚的经济效益,可在重庆市大面积推广使用.     

养分添加对青藏高原高寒草甸丛枝菌根真菌的影响

基于海北站的养分添加实验平台探讨养分输入对青藏高原高寒草甸丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)的影响。实验处理包括: 1) 对照; 2) 10 gN/(m²•a)的氮添加; 3) 5 gP/(m²•a)的磷添加; 4) 10 gK/(m²•a)的钾添加。利用醋酸墨水染色法定量分析各处理下植物根系的AMF侵染率。结果表明, 氮添加使总的AMF侵染率显著减少27%, 但对AMF的丛枝丰度和囊泡多度无显著影响; 磷添加和钾添加对AMF均无显著影响, 但是磷添加使AMF侵染率有降低趋势。可以得到, 不同养分添加对高寒草甸植物与AMF的共生关系具有不同影响, 由此可能会引起物种组成等一系列的变化, 影响生态系统结构和功能, 因此在评估养分添加效应时应该考虑其对AMF的影响。     

镉、铜复合污染下丛枝菌根真菌对玉米重金属吸收的影响

 农田重金属污染引发的环境问题日益受到关注。通过盆栽实验,开展Cd、Cu 复合污染条件下丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）对玉米的接种研究,探讨了重金属污染对宿主与AMF 共生的影响、AMF 对玉米重金属耐受性和吸收方面的作用。结果显示,AMF 具有一定的Cd、Cu 耐性,但重金属处理能明显抑制AMF 对玉米根系的侵染（P<0.05）,尤其是减少AMF 的丛枝和泡囊结构形成。重金属明显抑制了玉米的生长,但AMF 能够缓解重金属的生物毒性效应,表现为玉米植株的生物量、株高的显著增加（P<0.05）。接种AMF 会显著提高玉米对Cd 和Cu 的积累（P<0.05）。结果表明,重金属污染对农田生态系统中农作物和AMF 均具有潜在的危害。在一定程度重金属污染的农田生态系统中,AMF 能够改善农作物对重金属的耐性,也可能提高重金属进入人类食物链的风险。     

泉州地区28种药用植物根围土壤中AM真菌的分布和侵染情况

调查福建泉州地区28种药用植物根围土壤中丛枝菌根(AM)真菌的分布和侵染情况.依据AM真菌孢子形态的鉴定,分离出AM真菌5属56种,其中优势属球囊霉属35种,黑球囊霉为优势种;27种药用植物能与AM真菌形成良好共生关系,17种药用植物AM真菌侵染强度为5级,土牛膝的侵染率为0.牡荆、络石根围AM真菌种的丰度最高为14,络石的Shannon-Weiner指数最高达到2.09,桫椤的均匀度最高为0.95.结果表明:药用植物根围AM真菌多样性与土壤因子密切相关;Shannon-Weiner指数与电导率极显著正相     

AMF对间套作体系中植物-土壤-微生物相互作用的影响及机制

丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）能与自然环境中的多数陆生植物互利共生。间套作种植作为增加农田生态系统生物多样性的重要措施，能显著提高植物对农田环境中多种资源的利用率。在间套作体系中，AMF通过对农作物和土壤环境的影响，提高农田生态系统的经济产量并促进其可持续发展。本文从AMF对宿主植物根系特征的影响、AMF对宿主植物根际微生物群落结构功能的影响、AMF在改善土壤结构提高土壤肥力方面的作用、菌根植物间共生菌丝网络的养分资源传递分配等方面，阐述AMF对间套作体系中植物-土壤-微生物相互作用的影响及其机制，为AMF在农业方面的进一步应用提供理论基础。